Wtc Bombing Essays - Manhattan, New York City, Financial District

Wtc Bombing Dear Cobras, As I came out of my Calculus class at exactly 9:10 A.M. on September 11, I witnessed an event that would change my life forever; the attack on the World Trade Center. I was standing on Broadway and 8th street approximately 10 blocks from the New York City Financial District. As I walked outside, I noticed that there were several people not being able to use their cell phones and by nature I proceeded to look around and see what had happened. As I looked up, I saw the second plane hit the south tower of the trade center. I couldnt believe my eyes; the beautiful silver towers of the world trade center were on fire. I stood there to see what else would happen. About ten minutes later, I saw the first tower crumble to its demise. At that point, I was devastated. The landscape I had been so used to was now being destroyed. Although I was ten blocks from the site, the smoke began to engulf all buildings surrounding my area. I began to run to my dorm room in fear of my life. When I finally got to my dorm room, I couldnt believe what had just happened. Although I feared for my safety, I immediately ran to the Red Cross to donate blood because I knew that I was O- and many people would need donations. What I saw there was enlightening; there were hundreds of people lined up to give their blood to others. In only an hour, all these people had gathered. Furthermore, business owners and employees were coming around with water and bread to feed the people standing in line. When I asked if they were part of some group, they said they just came out to help their fellow citizens. It was sensational that in a city known for a cold demeanor and unkind people, people were giving completely of themselves without regard to their own safety. The city had become one, which is what I hope so many people will learn from this tragedy. It was unfortunate that it took a disaster such as this to make people come together. We should learn from this. Immediately after I gave blood I signed u p to volunteer with the Red Cross and State Emergency Relief. Due to my experience with Hurricane Andrew Relief, I was put to work that same day. I was transported at about 6: oo PM to Liberty Place (Ground Zero). I began to help in the Triage Hospital, running blood and supplies to nurses and doctors. It was the most devastation I had ever seen in my entire life. There were so many hurt that there were not enough places to put everyone. I helped put bed sheets on common desk chairs in order to accommodate more victims. These people that like everyone had just gone to work were now sitting bloody and bruised without knowledge of their colleagues or family. Such a common day had changed their life forever. History Essays

Lester Beall essays

Lester Beall essays Lester Beall was one of the most prolific and influential designers of the early to mid-twentieth century. Philip Meggs in his A History of Graphic Design, credits Beall with "almost single-handedly launching the Modern movement in American design." He changed the way graphic design was perceived by people both involved in and outside of the profession. Beall felt that designing something simply to make it visually appealing was j ust not good enough; that design had the higher purpose of being a means to an end, an instrument of communication. He was quoted as saying that the designer "must work with one goal in mind-to integrate the elements in such a manner that they will combine to produce a result that will convey not merely a static commercial message, but an emotional reaction as well. If we can produce the kind of art which harnesses the power of the human instinct for that harmony of form, beauty and cleanness that seems inevitable when you see it... then I think we may be doing a job for our clients." He graduated from the University of Chicago with a bachelors degree in Art History, but as a designer, he was mostly self taught. The influence of European Avant Garde and Bauhaus artists and designers such as Herbert Bayer, El Lissitzky, and Lazlo Moholy-Nagy is obvious in the bright, flat colors and dynamic placement of geometric elements seen in most of his work. This philosophy is most evident in the series of posters Beall did for the U. S. government between 1937 and 1941, especially those for the Rural Electrification Administration, which were designed to encourage rural residents to electrify their homes. The posters display examples of the basic needs of daily rural life, such as light, running water for laundry, farm work, and radio communication stated simply and quietly in slab typefaces and represented by a silhouetted graphic image. This would usually be depicted resting on a flat horizon with brigh...

Correct assignment 1A Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Correct assignment 1A - Research Paper Example ethod to discovering how the human brain and spinal cord function is the only ‘right’ way to understand the human nervous system and that this study will lead to 100% understanding of the system. fact, object or phenomenon that is conducted by studying the various intrinsic features or traits of the subject matter and their relation to the world. It is essentially a quest to know the ‘truth’ about the significance of the subject matter. Someone with an idealistic ontology feels that reality is based more in the mind and the spirit instead of the physical and material world. Someone who places more emphasis on the material or physical world as a basis for reality would have a materialistic ontological perspective. Epistemology is the term that refers to the description of the fundamental sources of the development of concepts and human perception and knowledge that helps us to distinguish between the right and wrong and directs our beliefs and actions. In order to consider the sources of knowledge, there follows a debate comparing the rationalism (what seems right) with empiricism (what experience tells). Different people hold different opinions about the same matter because they have had different experiences with it or heard of it differently. This knowledge helps them to shape their approaches, beliefs and actions. We tend to have different opinion about a person until we happen to know him/her better by having a conversation with him/her. This holds true for beliefs also. Methodology is the planned steps that one anticipates making in order to test whether a hypothesis is correct. The methodology can refer to either a qualitative or quantitative analysis of data collected. Methodology is based on the study design adopted for the purpose of conducting the research, and includes data collection, analysis and interpretation. When there is a need to know the student’s perception about their curriculum in a certain school, a certain number of students

Marketing projectthe puzzle phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing projectthe puzzle phone - Essay Example Although there are many other companies operating in the mobile phone industry but in terms of market share iPhone and Samsung are the leading brands. However for surviving in such a competitive market our company is offering some specific features that will help us create product differentiation. Puzz phone is a phone with distinctive, advanced and innovative features at affordable price. Our pricing strategies are very much different from our competitors as we are offering customized products at affordable price. Puzz is also trying to come up with new innovative technological features in order to compete with brands like Samsung. Puzz phone offers more variable features to its customers and that is what will help us to attract new customers. Our company also takes lesser time to assemble customers’ product. There are various factors that are considered to be the strength of Puzz Phone, however the important ones are its price and high customization. We offer variability in price so customers are allowed to choose according to their preferences. The price advantage provided by Rubik incorporation helps attracting a lot of customers. High customization helps customers selecting the features of their own choice. The demand of every customer is different from the other. Puzz phone helps people to express their own different character and personality through their phones. There are some features of the phone that do affect the brand image. These features are the low productivity and efficiency of the phone. The high customization being offered by the company does affect the productivity of the brand. The company however is trying to overcome the drawbacks in order to cater with the complaints of the customers and establish long term loyalty of the customer. Rubik incorporation is also trying to adopt useful marketing strategies for fulfill their mission and vision. The mobile phone industry is considered to be the

Literature critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature critique - Essay Example authors get across that the failure to communicate has been shown to be at the root of 60% of events reported to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization. Reports from coroners also suggest that error in communication tends to lead to the death of a patient. The title gets straight to the point, informing the audience of the importance of the study. There are ten authors, three as observers, three as analysts, and the other four had roles that were not obvious. The abstract provides the reader with the background, methods, and results of the study. They state a clear objective, nevertheless a rationale is not given at this stage. Also supplied is an overview and summary of the results. The authors have provided a short informative and understandable background of the topic supported by evidences and statistics, including literature and ethnographic findings suggest that the current weaknesses in communication in the operating room may derive form a lack of standardization and team integration. The writers anticipate that a carefully adapted checklist system could promote safer, more effective communication in the operation room team. The literature review was merely a summary, not a review. The aim of the study was to define common communication failures. Some details of participating in the study were included along with an explanation of the data collected, the methods used to record data as well as the procedures for data analysis. According to Taylor and Bodgan (1998) the research design in this study was clearly appropriate to address the research aims. The researchers provide enough details regarding ethical issues. They made it clear that they had taken the necessary approval from the ethical board of the hospital. According to Silverman (2001), ethical issues come first before many other factors in studying subjects on humans. The researchers have explained that 94 team members participated from anesthesia, surgery, and nursing

Significance of HRM in the travel and tourism sector

Significance of HRM in the travel and tourism sector The purpose of this report is to evaluate the significance of IHRM for the companies within the travel and tourism sector. The report will address this issue with reference to the case of the British Airways Lpc (BA) one of the largest international airlines. The report will begin by outlining the brief overview of BA, its market and current global position. Besides, the significance of culture change within the company will be identified. Furthermore, the hard and soft models of HRM will be critically analysed in the process. The report also will discuss the staffing issues such as recruitment, selection, and training and development for the planned global expansion. The ways in which these issues may need to change will be illustrated through the strategic evaluation. In addition, all figures will be justified and referenced to the appendix. Moreover, the report will outline the appropriate conclusions and recommendations. Company overview, its markets and current global position British Airways Plc (BA) was created in the 1974s after merger between BEA (British European Airways) and BOAC (British Overseas Corporation) (Air flights, 2010). BA is the United Kingdoms major international airline with two main hubs located in Gatwick and Heathrow airports, and the fifth worlds top airline. BA is a recognized brand within airline industry and the success could attribute to its constant global flight expansion and mergers with other global airlines. The merger between Iberia and BA (International Airlines Group) in 2010 is expected to create the third largest European carrier (see Appendix 1). In addition, the merger with AA (American Airlines) in 2008 will expand the company globally on transatlantic flights. These mergers will make stronger the global position of the new company with strong market capitalisation and will be able to complete with rivals such as Lufthansa and KLM-Air France (See Appendix 2) (Datamonitor, 2009; Euromonitor, 2010). BA is a global leader with a network of 550 destinations internationally via code-sharing relationships serves nearly 95 million passengers a year, using 441 airports in 86 countries and approximately 1,000 planes and a world air share of 2.9% (See Appendix 3) (Brave New Talent, 2008-2010; Wikipedia, 2010). BA operates mostly in the EU and US and employs 40,627 people (Datamonitor, 2009). In addition, BA is a part of Oneworld alliance, which serves some 819 destinations worldwide and enables to compete more successfully around the world with other global alliances (Wikipedia, 2010). Since privatisation in 1987, BA has had a sharp success in income and achieved financial independence, while other European airlines were dependent on state support and their US counterparts resorted to bankruptcy protection (Ledwidge, 2007 and BBC, no date). Despite the BAs HR hard times (appendix) and recent global economic recession in 2008/2009 with the global GDP decline from 5.1% in 2007 to 3.1% in 2008 , BA had a net profit of  £8 billion in 2009/2010 that is an increase of 2.7% over FY2008/2009, which improves its stable geographic increase (Datamonitor, 2010). Besides, BA is the worlds first airline to establish a carbon-offset scheme in 2005 to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to introduce online boarding passes in 2004 (British Airways, no date and AccessMyLibrary, 2007). Despite BA calls itself as The Worlds Favourite Airline it strives to become the worlds most responsible airline (GreenAir, 2007-2010 and Street, 1994). Cultural change and HRM models Culture is very powerful; it influences people and it is vital for managers to understand the employees: what they believe, its customs and traditions, life style and values, beliefs and morals, to understand how people react, and their expectations in the company after the employment. Legge (2005) identifies culture as a set of shared meanings, or taken-for-granted assumptions. According to Alzira and Easerby-Smith (1993), BA was arrogant before its privatization in 1987. BA believed the customers did not know what they wanted. The managers did not involve the staff in decisions, as they wanted to have distance from staff. The priority was safety of aircrafts and technical skills. Even the competition and profitability were not the main idea. The BA organisational culture was bureaucratic, strict, and formal. Thus, the careers developed slowly. Besides, the cost-leadership strategy is applied that leads BA to cut costs through a hard HRM approach and use staff as any other business resource. The staff is being used as cheaply as possible. In contrast, Ledwin (2007) argues that since 1976 till nowadays it was a big cultural change for BA, where the product-centric approach has started to shape into customer-centric approach and the hard model started to adopt the elements of soft developmental humanism or Harvard model, where the core idea are human assets. The differentation strategy would reach the competitve advantage and try to avoid less prone to disruptions and PR blunders. Moreover, it would present a very effective framework for completely integrating HR with the business strategy (Ledwin, 2007). To improve the organisational performance and to achieve the employee commitment BA promoted the motivational culture change programmes in the 1980s.However, its argued if these programmes were successful or not as according to Hopfl (1992, cited in Legge, 2005), these programmes engaged the mind but left hearts untouched. Despite the HR difficulties during the last five years (See Appendix 4), the company has achieved a respect from its employees in a way that helps the company fence the strike actions. In June 2009, BA told its 42,377 staff to work without pay for a month or take unpaid leave to reduce costs. Almost 6,000 non-cabin crew staff helped during the days of industrial action helped the company to run anoperation (Euromonitor, 2010 and Anglotopia, 2010). Staffing approaches BA can apply one of the three staffing approaches (Dowling et al., 2008): Ethnocentric:- The main idea is to manage staff from the home country (PCNs). The company can apply this approach to all its foreign operations, where the staff holds central jobs, and subsidiaries and headquarters follow the home country resource management practice. Polycentric/Regiocentric:- The idea is to develop HR management practices locally. Geocentric/Global:- The purpose is to manage the employees on a worldwide basis, where the company employs staff from diverse countries. 4.1. Ethnocentric and polycentric approaches BA uses mainly the ethnocentric approach: it controls all its operations from London (the locations of the head office) as it understands local culture, the economy language and avoids relocation costs. Regarding to BA job applications, the key management positions are filled by parent company personnel, where the priorities are given to UK nationals. Besides, it hires host country nationals in foreign countries instead of transferring its domestic staff to work. Depend on the staff role, a polycentric or geocentric approach can be recommended. The polycentric approach would be ideal for BA to employ front line staff and cabin crew. The company should consider the cultural as the core competence and hire more people who speak other languages than English and think differently. Along with the cultural change BA needs to ensure the employees understand their role within the marketing progress and overall marketing orientation within the organization. The best staffing approach to hire key management people and pilots is geocentric approach, where the company strives to reach the global expansion by combining the best from headquarters and the subsidiaries. Also, the nationality is ignored in favor of ability. BA could promote promote diversity, inclusion, and equality of opportunity in employment regardless of sex, marital or civil partnership status, gender reassignment, race, colour, nationality, ethnic or national origins, sexual orientation, disability, religion or belief, political affiliation and age (British Airways, no date). Staffing issues The organisations stage of growth characterises with the integration of business strategy with HRM policies such as training development, appraisal and recruitment and selection. Recruitment is mailny linked to proactive attitude of employees, where training and development has to do with formal or informal education, enabling the staff to know inside out of the organisational mission and its products, thus leading to the quality service. 5.1Recruitment and selection Effectiveness in recruitment and selection is vital as it avoids poor work performance, unacceptable conduct, internal disagreement, low morale and job satisfaction and dysfunctional labour turnover. In addition, luck of management quality and teamwork, and employee motivation and communication can lead to loss of customers, loss of organisation, and loss of life. Recruitment seeks to attract best technical professional talent and then manage rapid internal labour market movements (Legge, 2005:142). BA also tends to attract the most talented people, then assess and appoint a suitable candidate (Appelbaum and Brenda, 2002; Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2006). For example, the pilots employment issues had been based just on flying and technical skills before 1987. Nowadays, BA considers the pilots can work well in a crew situation. Interpersonal skills are appearing as crucial achievement factors for pilot performance and safety. In addition, it cares about quality frontline people as well. G ood (1999, cited by Appelbaum and Brenda, 2002), stresses the point that the single most reliable predictor of overall excellence is the ability to attract and hold on to talented employees. The success is dependent upon the ongoing hard work, attitudes, and dedication of its staff. Thus, to expand globally and to achieve the companys long-term success BA should look not only at education related skills but also at staff attitude within the company, as skills can be trained but attitudes cannot be changed (Milmo, 2010 and Horn and Barkin, 1998). 5.2Appraisal, training, development The globalisation of markets leads to emergence of multinational companies, operating on a worldwide basis. Good training enables the employees to perform their current and future roles effectively as, both organisations and their employees benefit (Beardwell and Claydon, 2006). To achieve a high value added services the staff should be well educated, trained, and committed. To increase competence and go high-class with high quality the company should consider the staff as the most valued resource and do investment in the core workforce. The accent is to include employee loyalty and reliance, internal labour market structures with promotion ladders and skill training. The individualistic approach should be applied to reach the quality and competitive advantage (Legge, 2005). If the quality of service depends on the quality of the employee, the company should look on the society and organisations commitment to developing skills appropriate to a national economic policy and organisational corporate objectives (Legge, 2005). BA committed to customer care programmes and has had many motivational staff programmes for both existing and newly recruited staff since 1987, that at very least heightened employee awareness of quality issues. The programmes such as Putting the Customer First,Putting People First, Customer First teams, Managing People First, A Day in the Life, To be the Best and Winning for Customers . In addition, to promote the values of customer services BA launched the re-educative online-learning programs for cabin crew how to teach in-flight sales system. Besides, BA tried to develop a self-direct learning that motivates and develops its staff not only professionally but personally (Ledwidge, 2007). Conclusion The report began with a brief nature of British Airways, overview of its markets and current global position. It analysed the cultural change within the company and evaluated the HRM models. BA has had a big cultural change since 1987, where the company changed the product-centric approach to a customer-centric approach. The hard model need to adopt elements from the soft developmental humanism model, where the company would realize the importance of integrating HR policies with business objectives involving treating employees as valued assets, as the success depends on securing commitment from people, not controlling them. It should keep adopting the soft model to avoid losses of customers and the bankruptcy and to keep its brand. Over the past decade or so, British Airways has evolved from a loss making, state-owned national carrier into a customer focused, publicly listed and consistently profitable airline. However, cultural change and nowadays change require modification in top management values to make the change successful. To improve the organisational performance and keep the company expand globally BA need to keep these recent changes. Furthermore, the report addresses the issue of staffing approaches such as ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric approaches. Despite BA uses the ethnocentric approach, the recommendation are to develop polycentric approach for front line and cabin crew and apply a geocentric approach for pilots and key management staff. The final parts of the report examined the staffing issues such as recruitment and selection, appraisal, training and development. BA should look not only at education related skills but also at staff attitude within the company, as skills can be trained but attitudes cannot be changed. In addition, BA should motivate and develop its staff not only professionally but personally by creating the training centres where staff could learn the sense of humour, ability to work with others and friendliness. Moreover, the new industrial relations backgrounds should be developed as no-strike clauses, acceptance of flexible working, its support for direct employee involvement, staff status and employee development Recommendations According to the mentioned above issues, there is more research should be done regarding to staffing approaches and staffing issues to help expand company globally. The need of change should be analyzed and evaluated deeper. HRM Michigan and Harvard models issues should be more critically discussed. Word count: 2193 word

Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics :: Mathematics Math Papers

Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics ABSTRACT: Russell and Popper are concordant with Plato with respect to the independence of mathematics upon the sensations. Beth shares the opinion of the complete independence between the world of science and mathematics and that of psychology. Essenin-Vol'pin's opinion is of an ascendance of ethics and jurisprudence over mathematics. For the first time, the position of Plato, Russell, and Popper are substantiated in this paper through Hegel's reflexive natural scientific method. The external activation of numbers into interaction through arithmetical operations, adopted by him, has been taken as a basis of this substantion. This is the reason why mathematical rules of reasoning are exact-they represent a pure product of the 'third world.' The rules of ethics and the related humanities are their reflective approximate reverberations. Ascendancy of the rules of such types of science over mathematics is impossible due to the irreversibility of the reflexion. The problem of the interaction between the psychical and the thinking worlds as reverberations of the material one has been treated much earlier by ancient philosophy. Plato excludes any dependence of mathematics, it being the most brilliant representative of the mental world, of the sensations. Russell [1] (I. pp. 237-238) is concordant with the above. He considers that the mathematical truth is "applicable solely to the symbols," the symbols being "words," that "do not signify anything in the real world." Thus, the correct opinion, pointed out, remains unsubstantiated, since nowhere is it related to the philosophical categories. In the substantion, offered by this paper, we proceed from the assumption that the variety of the mathematical symbols, at any rate, is reduced to and ensues from the aim: namely-to study the quantitative characteristics of "the qualities" from "the being." That connects the mathematical symbols with "the real world," i.e.-it reveals the possibility of a substantiating, since those characteristics interact. Following the construction of the foundations of mathematics, we should agree that the interaction among its concepts (i.e. the rules of the mathematical reasoning) is reduced to the interaction among the natural numbers. Hegel defines them reflexively [2], [3] ensuing from "the qualities" of "the beig" which (conversely) indicates that the mathematical truth denotes something "in the real world." Russell has pointed out that "Hegel's philosophy is very difficult-he is ...the most difficult to grasp of all great philosophers" [1] (III., p. 337), thus associating him with the philosophers "willing to spread confusion in mathematics" [1] (III. Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics :: Mathematics Math Papers Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics ABSTRACT: Russell and Popper are concordant with Plato with respect to the independence of mathematics upon the sensations. Beth shares the opinion of the complete independence between the world of science and mathematics and that of psychology. Essenin-Vol'pin's opinion is of an ascendance of ethics and jurisprudence over mathematics. For the first time, the position of Plato, Russell, and Popper are substantiated in this paper through Hegel's reflexive natural scientific method. The external activation of numbers into interaction through arithmetical operations, adopted by him, has been taken as a basis of this substantion. This is the reason why mathematical rules of reasoning are exact-they represent a pure product of the 'third world.' The rules of ethics and the related humanities are their reflective approximate reverberations. Ascendancy of the rules of such types of science over mathematics is impossible due to the irreversibility of the reflexion. The problem of the interaction between the psychical and the thinking worlds as reverberations of the material one has been treated much earlier by ancient philosophy. Plato excludes any dependence of mathematics, it being the most brilliant representative of the mental world, of the sensations. Russell [1] (I. pp. 237-238) is concordant with the above. He considers that the mathematical truth is "applicable solely to the symbols," the symbols being "words," that "do not signify anything in the real world." Thus, the correct opinion, pointed out, remains unsubstantiated, since nowhere is it related to the philosophical categories. In the substantion, offered by this paper, we proceed from the assumption that the variety of the mathematical symbols, at any rate, is reduced to and ensues from the aim: namely-to study the quantitative characteristics of "the qualities" from "the being." That connects the mathematical symbols with "the real world," i.e.-it reveals the possibility of a substantiating, since those characteristics interact. Following the construction of the foundations of mathematics, we should agree that the interaction among its concepts (i.e. the rules of the mathematical reasoning) is reduced to the interaction among the natural numbers. Hegel defines them reflexively [2], [3] ensuing from "the qualities" of "the beig" which (conversely) indicates that the mathematical truth denotes something "in the real world." Russell has pointed out that "Hegel's philosophy is very difficult-he is ...the most difficult to grasp of all great philosophers" [1] (III., p. 337), thus associating him with the philosophers "willing to spread confusion in mathematics" [1] (III.

Deception in ResearchÂÂ

Deception in Research The article I chose from Capella Library was about Deception in Research. While exploring my area of interest may require misleading or not completely informing your subjects about the true nature of your research, as a general rule, serious deception should be avoided whenever possible, since it put at risks the integrity of informed authority. For research involving deception the use of deception must be justified in the procedure to show that the research cannot be performed in the absence of deception and the benefits of the research will sufficiently be more important than any risks that deception may create.Research participants cannot be deceived about significant aspects of the research that would affect their willingness to participate or that would cause them physical or emotional harm. Deception must be explained to participants (debriefed) as early as reasonable. A debriefing script must be included in the procedure and should include a detailed desc ription of the ways in which deception was used and why; when and by whom the debriefing will be administered should also be included.True â€Å"informed consent† cannot be given if the true nature of the research is deceptively presented. This situation is dealt with administratively via a waiver of portions of the information consent regulations. Deception is a word used to end arguments, not to begin them. To accuse researchers of deception is to remove them from the ranks of those with whom legitimate human relationships can be pursued. For an example, let’s look at in the article of Deception in Research on the Placebo Effect.Experiments exploring the placebo effect, however, suggest justifiable ethical concerns, owing to the use of deception. The ethical intend to conduct of deceptive placebo research include (1) review and approval by an independent research ethics to establish the use of deception and that the study protocol offers sufficient value to justify t he risks it poses to participants, including the use of deception; (2) disclosure in the informed-consent document that the study involves the use of deception; and (3) participants at the conclusion of research participation.This also concludes that in order to supply to public accountability, articles reporting the results of research using deception should describe temporarily loyalty with these participant-protection rules. Ethics is one of the most crucial areas of research, with deception and research increasingly becoming a crucial area of discussion between psychologists, philosophers and ethical groups.Examples of Deception and Research to show how ethical concerns have changed during the 20th century, it is useful to look at some examples such as Deception in Psychological Research. Deception has been attacked repeatedly as ethically unacceptable and morally reprehensible. However, research has revealed that subjects who have participated in deception experiments versus no deception experiments enjoyed the experience more, received more educational benefit from it, and did not mind being deceived or having their privacy invaded.Such evidence suggests that deception, although unethical from a moral point of view, is not considered to be aversive, undesirable, or an unacceptable methodology from the research participant's point of view. The repeated assumption of the unacceptability of deception seems to be due to the fact that deception has been evaluated only from the viewpoint of moral philosophizing. This has led to the repeated conclusion that deception is reprehensible and seems to have created a perceptual set to view deception immediately as aversive.However, the perception of the unethical nature of deception seems to be minimal in studies that investigate innocuous public behaviors and enhanced in studies that run the risk of harming research participants or in studies that investigate private behaviors. When this knowledge is combined with t he fact that research participants do not mind being deceived, and that it can also be viewed as immoral not to conduct research on important problems, the scale seems to be tilted in favor of continuing the use of deception in psychological research.Is it ethically permissible to use deception in psychological experiments? We argue that, provided some requirements are satisfied, it is possible to use deceptive methods without producing significant harm to research participants and without any significant violation of their autonomy. We also argue that methodological deception is at least at the moment the only effective means by which one can acquire morally significant information about certain behavioral tendencies. Individuals in general and research participants in particular, gain self-knowledge which can help them improve their autonomous decision-making.The community gains collective self-knowledge that, once shared, can play a role in shaping education, informing policies a nd in general creating a more efficient and just society. Reference: 1. Deception in Research on the Placebo Effect Franklin G Miller,*  David Wendler, and  Leora C Swartzman Author information  Copyright and License information  See â€Å"Placebo: Physician, Heal Thyself† , e388. This article has been  cited by  other articles in PMC. 2. Harrington A, editor. (1997) The placebo effect: An interdisciplinary exploration.Cambridge (Massachusetts): Harvard University Press. 272 p. 3. Deception in psychology: moral costs and benefits of unsought self-knowledge. Bortolotti L, Mameli M. SourcePhilosophy Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, 2006 Jul-Sep;13(3):259-75. 4. 2002;12(2):117-42. Deception in research: distinctions and solutions from the perspective of utilitarianism. Pittenger DJ. Source Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave. , Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA

Free Essays on Airbus

The Airbus story Since the 40s, the US monopoly is due to the symbiosis between government and industry regarding civil projects during and after the Second World War. Boeing, Lockheed and MacDonnell Douglas dominated the whole business, supported by various government agencies with substantial funding for research and development. While European airlines are operating 25 percent of the global airline fleet, the European aircraft manufacturer' share of the global market only amounts to ten percent. 85 percent of all commercial aircraft are made in the United States; five percent are built in the rest of the world. In de mid of 60s, it becomes more and more urgent for the industrial decision-makers to react face to this situation and French and British governments are aware of the dangers of the US dominance. So, they recognised that the path of avoiding a US monopoly can only lead to inner European co-operation. First contacts between the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), Hawker Siddeley Aviation and the French Aviation Industry, North-Aviation, Breguet Aviation and Avions Marcel Dassault are made. Finally, the HBN group is being formed with Hawker, Breguet and North Aviation. In the following time, French and British designers start to develop five design studies. At the same time, the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus" (working group Airbus) is founded in Germany. Signing a contract on December 23, 1965 ATG Siebel werke, Bolkow, Dornier, Flugzeug-union Sud, HFB, Messerschmitt andVFW commit themselves to be national partners in any future European program which is concerned with technology in the aviation industry.... Free Essays on Airbus Free Essays on Airbus The Airbus story Since the 40s, the US monopoly is due to the symbiosis between government and industry regarding civil projects during and after the Second World War. Boeing, Lockheed and MacDonnell Douglas dominated the whole business, supported by various government agencies with substantial funding for research and development. While European airlines are operating 25 percent of the global airline fleet, the European aircraft manufacturer' share of the global market only amounts to ten percent. 85 percent of all commercial aircraft are made in the United States; five percent are built in the rest of the world. In de mid of 60s, it becomes more and more urgent for the industrial decision-makers to react face to this situation and French and British governments are aware of the dangers of the US dominance. So, they recognised that the path of avoiding a US monopoly can only lead to inner European co-operation. First contacts between the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), Hawker Siddeley Aviation and the French Aviation Industry, North-Aviation, Breguet Aviation and Avions Marcel Dassault are made. Finally, the HBN group is being formed with Hawker, Breguet and North Aviation. In the following time, French and British designers start to develop five design studies. At the same time, the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus" (working group Airbus) is founded in Germany. Signing a contract on December 23, 1965 ATG Siebel werke, Bolkow, Dornier, Flugzeug-union Sud, HFB, Messerschmitt andVFW commit themselves to be national partners in any future European program which is concerned with technology in the aviation industry....

Napalm and Agent Orange in the Vietnam War

Napalm and Agent Orange in the Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, the United States military used chemical agents in its fight against Ho Chi Minhs Army of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The most important of those chemical weapons were the incendiary napalm and the defoliant Agent Orange. Napalm Napalm is a gel, which in its original form contained naphthenic and palmitic acid plus petroleum as fuel.  The modern version, Napalm B, contains plastic polystyrene, hydrocarbon benzene, and gasoline. It burns at temperatures of 800-1,200 degrees C (1,500-2,200 degrees F). When napalm falls on people, the gel sticks to their skin, hair, and clothing, causing unimaginable pain, severe burns, unconsciousness, asphyxiation, and often death. Even those who do not get hit directly with napalm can die from its effects since it burns at such high temperatures that it can create firestorms that use up much of the oxygen in the air. Bystanders also can suffer heatstroke, smoke exposure, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War. However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. Of the Vietnamese people who were on the receiving end, 60% suffered fifth-degree burns, meaning that the burn went down to the bone. Horrifying as napalm is, its effects at least are time-limited. That is not the case with the other major chemical weapon the US used against Vietnam   Agent Orange. Agent Orange Agent Orange is a liquid mixture containing the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides. The compound is toxic for only about a week before it breaks down, but unfortunately, one of its daughter products is the persistent toxin dioxin. Dioxin lingers in soil, water, and human bodies. During the Vietnam War, the US sprayed Agent Orange on the jungles and fields of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The Americans sought to defoliate the trees and bushes, so that enemy soldiers would be exposed.  They also wanted to kill off the agricultural crops that fed the Viet Cong (as well as local civilians). The US spread 43 million liters (11.4 million gallons) of Agent Orange on Vietnam, covering 24 percent of South Vietnam with the poison. Over 3,000 villages were in the spray zone. In those areas, dioxin leached into peoples bodies, their food, and worst of all, the groundwater.  In an underground aquifer, the toxin can remain stable for at least 100 years. As a result, even decades later, the dioxin continues to cause health problems and birth defects for Vietnamese people in the sprayed area. The Vietnamese government  estimates that about 400,000 people have died from Agent Orange poisoning, and about half a million children have been born with birth defects. US and allied veterans who were exposed during the period of heaviest usage and their children may have elevated rates of various cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and lymphocytic leukemia. Victims groups from Vietnam, Korea, and other places where napalm and Agent Orange were used have sued the primary manufacturers of these chemical weapons, Monsanto and Dow Chemical, on several occasions. In 2006, the companies were ordered to pay US$63 million in damages to South Korean veterans who fought in Vietnam.

Developments in technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developments in technology - Essay Example Due to this, people all over the earth’s surface irrespective of where they are located can communicate with each other just as if they are actually exchanging experiences in a close platform. A person located several kilometers away from the other can just reach another very far away from him or her by simply pressing a single button on a communication garget. This has been enabled by the recent developments in wireless communications enabling people can connect to each other through a wireless medium. The wireless communication system has come a long way and has still a long way to go given the numerous discoveries made every day in the communication and information sector. Arguably this system has come a long way from the period of the wired communication channels where the wired telephone systems were used to the recent developments in mobile communication systems. This paper will look at the recent developments in communication systems and its applicability in the passing of information and communication systems between people in separate locations across the globe. Turkle raises a quite a number of ways in which technology has been helpful to people in the present times. A wide range of benefits are discussed in her research which are of course the actual happenings in the world of wireless communication and information. . However a number of openings in areas where we have applied technology in carrying out various things in our daily lives as we go about doing our duties and which needs to be addressed. Among of these areas include the education field where technological use has had a profound positive impact in shaping the way people acquire education and knowledge. As we speak, there are a number of students around the world who are doing their studies online. The advent of distance learning has come into the setting as a result of the developments in technology and to facilitate the ease in exchanging information on the internet further expand ing the information and communication sector (Clemons and Weber). One can listen to a lecture while doing some other things or carrying out his or her office mandates without any interruption. Besides, just by a single stroke of the keys on the computer keyboards or a single click on any icons on the computer, one is able to attend a lecture taking place several kilometers away from his or her location. Consequently, a lecturer needs not to actually be present in class every day to teach his or her students as this can be done online by connecting the class to an online location where the lecturer in actually located. From this remote location, the lecturer can teach and the students listen, see whatever is being taught as well as take notes and ask questions where necessary ad later on do the exams and submit their papers online. Besides, if you want to consult a source locate I a remote location on some assignments given in class, you don’t necessarily need to go to the lib rary or go shopping for the book in a far off book shop. All that you need is to have an online access to the library and access the book from the library shelves, read it and extract the information required just from your desk hence bringing learning closer to where we are at any moment. To this extent therefore technological developments have greatly made it easier for people all over the world to gain knowledge. Besides all these, technology has also

Can literature tell the truth better than other arts (Theory of Essay

Can literature tell the truth better than other arts (Theory of knowledge) - Essay Example Some novels are good, some are terrible. The same can be said of other art forms as well. Many paintings are really boring to look at, others you can't stop looking at them. Perhaps it is best to compare the best of novels with the best of other arts. That way the comparison will be more fair and people can see what really happens. Literature are made up of novels and non-fiction works. A novel is very good at getting the reader inside the head of the people who are involved. For example, in the Harry Potter books, the author lets the readers know what Harry is thinking. If you compare this to the films of the books, in the films you don't know what people are thinking. But in the films you see the action better. So when you see Harry on his broomstick attacking a dragon that is better when you see it then when you read it in the book. Films show action better than novels but also are more simple. Novels are much longer and can include more details than a film. A film tends to make things simple for the audience. A novel also takes longer to read than a film takes to watch. A person can read two days today but thirty pages tomorrow. They can then leave the book for a month without reading it at all. So a book is the kind of art that you can take at your own pace. Other arts need to be seen all at once. This is especially the case with a film. You can't really watc five minutes one day, thirty the next and then leave it for a month before watching the rest. It would not seem to make sense. A painting, like a film, shows things rather than tells us about them. It is a picture rather than words. A painting just shows one thing, or set of things, while a novel can tell a whole story of a person or many different generations. The fact that the picture is simple makes it easier for the person who is looking at it to understand what is happening. A sculpture is like a picture in that it shows a particular scene, and only one. The sculpture is different than either novels or films because it is very physical in nature. Some sculptures, as long as they are not too famous, can actually be touched by a person looking at them. You cannot touch a novel or a film. A sculpture can be looked at from different angles, while a novel can only really be read in one way. If you look at a sculpture from behind it will look different from in front. But it will be the same sculpture. Is this a better view of the truth than can be found in novels In one way, yes, because it is like reale life. For example, if you meet someone for the first time you can look at them from the front or from the behind. There are different angles. This is the same with sculpture. Theatre is a bit like sculpture, except it uses real people. You actually see real people in theatre, unlike in film where they are just light on a screen. That makes it different. Different because you can tell that they are real people on the stage. Every performance will be different. A novel is always the same, as is a film. Poetry is an art that is like literature more than the other artes. This is because it uses words, like the novel. The only way a person can understand poetry is to read it. The poem is different from a novel in the fact that it is rather much shorter. You can read most poems in a few minutes. In one way this is like looking at a painting, or, to less extent, a film. Some poetry can be very difficult to read, even